History of Science and Engineering Annotation << Back To the 70th Anniversary of the Start of the Soviet Atomic Project B.S. Gorobets The «Soviet Atomic Project» started, as a state programm, while the hardest months of the Great Patriotic War, on September, 28, 1942. Order of the State Committee for Defence signed by Stalin, September 28, 1942, was the summary of the following urgent components: arguments of several leading Soviet scientists, first of all V.I Vernadskii, V.G. Khlopin, A.F. Yoffe, G.N. Fliorov for immediate recommencing researches of uranium; the data obtained by the Soviet intelligence service on nuclear researches abroad, first of all, in England and Germany; conviction, formed to this moment, of the supreme Soviet statesmen (L.P. Beria, S.V. Kaftanov, V.M. Molotov and, due to them, I.V. Stalin) that it was necessary to make decisive step towards overall researches of the Uranium problem The great epopee of searches for uranium ores, building plants to enrich natural uranium, construction of reactors for creation of plutonium, building firing ground range near Semipalatinsk, working-out its equipment, etc. This essay is publishing the text of the historic Order. It treats the technique of recovering some special nuclear materials and their properties available for atomic bomb. Key words: atomic bomb; Atomic project of the USSR; Order of the State Committee for Defence. Contacts: E-mail: bgorobets@rambler.ru Pp. 34-46.