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History of Science and Engineering

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MINERALOGY OF VOLCANIC EXHALATIONS AND ALTERED ROCKS OF RECENT GAS-HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS IN KAMCHATKA
L.P. Vergasova, G.A. Karpov, S.K. Filatov

Presented is the survey of mineralogy of volcanic exhalations and facies of secondary minerals of hydrothermally altered rocks, based upon 50 years’ studies of gas-hydrothermal mineral-ore-genesis at active volcanoes and hydrothermal systems in Kamchatka. All the discovered minerals of two typical volcanogenic formations (posteruptive – pneumatolytic and volcanogenic-hydrothermal) are listed. Interpretation of crystal structures of some new minerals of volcanic exhalations allowed revealing a specifi c feature of modern mineral generation processes under this environment – formation of stable cation tetrahedrons of the [ОМ4]-type reversed by their charge to the well-known classic anion tetrahedrons [SiO4], which triggered the development of novel crystal chemistry of pneumatolytic mineral genesis. Primary causes of the natural formation of minerals bearing the tetrahedrons of the new type are considered.
Keywords: formations; facies; volcanogenic hydrothermal systems; exhalation mineralization; cation oxo-centered tetrahedrons; novel crystal-chemistry; oxochlorides; oxosulphates.

Contacts: Е-mail: karpovga@kscnet.ru, Е-mail: filatov.stanislav@gmail.com

Pp. 52-65.

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