History of Science and Engineering Annotation << Back MINERALOGY OF VOLCANIC EXHALATIONS AND ALTERED ROCKS OF RECENT GAS-HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS IN KAMCHATKA G.A. Karpov, V.I. Silaev, L.P. Anikin, E.A. Vasilev, L.P. Vergasova Products of modern volcanism in Kamchatka have shown the following paragenesis of carbon minerals, phases and compounds: diamond, graphite, carbon globules, schungite phase, metal-carbon composites, organic polymers. Based on the results of mineralogical-geochemical and isotopic-geochemical studies, formation of this paragenesis in ash and gas clouds during volcanic eruptions has been concluded. Volcanic hydrocarbon gases provided the source of carbon for diamonds and other carbon phases. Emphasis is made on the anomalous (compared to kimberlite, tuffi site and alluvial diamonds) enrichment of Tolbachik diamonds in Co (by 1–5 orders of magnitude), Fe (by 1–2 orders of magnitude) and Mn (by 3–5 orders of magnitude). Causes of this enrichment have been discussed. Keywords: volcanism; carbon paragenesis; diamond; graphite; carbon globules; schungite; metal-carbon composites; organic polymers. Contacts: Е-mail: karpovga@kscnet, Е-mail: silaev@geo/komisc.ru, Е-mail: karpovga@kscnet.ru, Е-mail: simphy12@mail.ru, Е-mail: karpovga@kscnet.ru Pp. 66-77.