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History of Science and Engineering

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THE EVOLUTION OF THE COSMONAUT PROFESSION IN THE 1960s: THE REGULATORY ASPECT AND THE CONFLICT OF DEPARTMENTS
V.S. Batchenko

The article examines the issue of attracting civilian specialists to cosmonautics in the 1960s. Against the background of this problem, the author traced the evolution of changes in the “Polozhenie o kosmonavtakh” ‒ a document regulating the legal status of cosmonauts. The main sources of information were the documents of the Russian State Archive of Scientific and Technical Documentation (RGANTD) and published normative legal acts. It was found that the need to attract specialists from science and industry to cosmonautics led to an aggravation of conflicts between the Cosmonaut Training Center and design bureaus, the latter’s protection by the Ministry of General Industry and the deepening of internal problems of the Cosmonaut Training Center, primarily related to an insufficiently equipped training base. It was in the mid-1960s that the disunity characteristic of the leadership of the Soviet space program penetrated into manned cosmonautics – the Cosmonaut Training Center for decades lost the sole right to complete training of space crews.
Keywords: Cosmonaut Training Center, cosmonautics, cosmonauts-researchers, Regulations on Cosmonauts, Kamanin, Mishin.


DOI: 10.25791/intstg.11.2022.1384

Pp. 03-10.

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