History of Science and Engineering Annotation << Back History and Development of the Russian system of training of astronauts V.V. Tsibliev The questions of creation and development of the Russian Cosmonaut Training (RSPK) are considered. We show that the basic concept of the place and role of Russia’s Cosmonaut Training in the general system of space activities derive its goals, which were identified during its creation and then with the development of space technology, changes in terms of space activities and to gain practical experience, refined and changed. Key words: system of training astronauts, space activities, space missions, spacecraft, mission control center.