History of Science and Engineering Annotation << Back Scientific and Historical Background and History of Foundation of the Radium Institute V.N. RomanovskyE.A. Shashukov here are considered the problems associated to formation and development of activities related with researches in radioactivity in our country. The stages of research activities of V.I. Vernadskiy, V.A.Bordovsky, L.S. Kolovrat-Chervinskiy, M.I. Nemenov, et al are shown. The stages of Radium Institute arrangement are described, including the creation of Radium Committee under the Academy of Sciences (1910), Mineralogical Laboratory (1911), Radium Expedition (1912), Radium Department in KEPS (1915), Radium Laboratory under Academy of Sciences (1921). In the end of 1921 there was obtained the earliest domestic radium that contributed to establishment of the State Radium Institute in 1922. Key words: radioactivity; radium; institute; organization; stages; scientific; activity. Contacts: E-mail: romanovski@khlopin.ru, Тел. 8–812–346–12–92 Pp. 04-08.