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History of Science and Engineering

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the History of Formation and Development of Primary Specialized Medical Care in Russia and Abroad
Dyachkova A.S.

At the present stage of development of health system in Russia and abroad, increase of structural efficiency of functioning of this system is directed on reorientation of overwhelming part of volumes of medical care to an out-patient stage. In this regard special relevance is gained by studying of formation of various organizational technologies and forms of rendering medical care in out-patient conditions during various temporary periods in our country and consideration of foreign experience of rendering such care. In this article were considered the main stages of formation and development of primary specialized medical care, as to the most demanded by the population in policlinics. The research showed, that in the Russian health care constantly there was an active search of optimum organizational technologies for rendering primary specialized medical care in policlinics, such as creation of policlinics of the consulting and diagnostic care on the basis of hospitals, attempt of association of policlinics with hospitals, idea of more profound specialization in the center in comparison with the periphery of city agglomerations, emergence of policlinics of specialized profiles, staging introduction in the organization of rendering primary specialized care and many other things. Studying of experience of rendering primary specialized medical care abroad showed, that in the majority of the European countries there is a strict control of access to specialists doctors from general practitioners, that reduces state expenses, and also leads to improvement of integration of rendering medical services at various levels of health system. Studying of this experience of providing the population by primary specialized medical care, its positive and negative sides is a basis for introduction of new organizational technologies of health care at the present stage and the correction of existing technologies.
Keywords: primary specialized medical care; organizational technology in health care; out-patient clinic; specialization of medical care; access to medical care.

Contacts: E-mail: feniks_1313@mail.ru

Pp. 54-63.

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