History of Science and Engineering Annotation << Back The Emergence of the Concept of Medical Police and its Role in the History of Modern Western Medicine Stochik A.A. The present communication is devoted to the history of the concept of medical police, which has become one of the most important tools of government in Austria, France, Prussia, and Russia. The author shows the relationship of this concept with the results of research in the study of epidemic constitutions; discusses five main activities of public authorities in the implementation of medical police – the introduction of public administration activities of doctors; development of joint efforts of doctors and lawyers specialized medical and health legislation; fight against charlatans and the establishment of public medical training systems; implementation of specific measures to ensure healthy living conditions, nutrition and employment population. The author considers the problem of introduction of health education; sanitation and urban upgrading; elimination in the city dumps, cemeteries and cesspools; construction of sewage systems; providing the population with sufficient food and to control their quality; development and introduction of the factory legislation; limit quarantine measures; introduction of special measures to prevent the disease of smallpox and syphilis. The author gives the main political, social, economic and scientific implications of the practical implementation of the concept of medical police in the late 18th–70th XIXth centuries. Keywords: medical police; epidemic constitution; health care; medical education; health legislation; hygiene; statistics; epidemiology. Contacts: E-mail: medpublish@mail.ru Pp. 18-28.