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History of Science and Engineering

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PROGRAMMING SCHOOL AT THE CYBERNETICS INSTITUTE OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UKRAINIAN SSR (1962–1990)
L.V. Gorodnyaya, I.A. Krayneva, A.G. Marchuk

The paper is dedicated to the history of the Kiev programming school. The notion of a «programming school» appeared in the programmers’ vocabulary in the early 1990s. In the community of Kiev mathematicians, programmers and computer engineers, the leader was Academician Victor M. Glushkov: he generated ideas, was an academic advisor on projects and held a high-ranking position. The term «school» (the «Kiev school of automata theory») was first applied to the team led by V.M. Glushkov by Andrei P. Ershov in 1968. The paper considers the most important projects of the programmers’ team of the Cybernetics Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, and reveals the
theoretical, practical and methodological aspects of its activity as a school of thought during the period under study. The Cybernetics Institute was established at the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (CI AS UkSSR) in December 1962, on the basis of the Computing Center, AS UkSSR. Its director was Victor Glushkov. In 1963, a special mathematical machine and system design bureau with a pilot plant was set up; in 1980, a special software technology design bureau. In the early 1990s, the Institute was transformed into a complex academic institution comprising the Cybernetics Institute with a training center, a special mathematical machine and system design bureau with engineering centers, a special software technology design bureau, and the Orbita shared computing center. Within the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union, it was the largest institute in the fi eld, with 6 500 workers including 70 Doctors of Sciences and 600 Candidates of Sciences. The main areas of basic research in computer software systems performed at the CI AS UkSSR included the automata theory (V.M. Glushkov), programming automation (E.L. Yushchenko, V.S. Korolyuk), special-purpose software system development (A.A. Letichevskii, A.A. Stognii et al.), programming technology (I.V. Vel`bitckii, E.M. Lavrishcheva), and experimenting with combined hardware and software development in the projects on the creation of the MIR, Dnepr, and Ukraina computers. Underlying these studies were straightforward but hard-to-get-at premises.
Keywords: Kiev programming school; Cybernetics Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR; Victor Glushkov; automata theory; programming technology.

Contacts: Е-mail: mag@iis.nsk.su

Pp. 42-64.

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