History of Science and Engineering Annotation << Back MARINE ANIMAL HUNTING IN CHUKOTKA: THE EVOLUTION OF EQUIPMENT AND TECHNOLOGY L.N. Khakhovskaya The analysis of the technical and technological components of the development of marine animal hunting in Chukotka in recent times has been carried out. Marine animal hunting was the leading direction of the appropriating economy of the coastal inhabitants of Chukotka until the middle of the 20th century. In the first half of the 20th century, the equipping of collective farms with the means of hunting was insuffi cient. Indigenous people continued to fish using traditional methods. In 1950-1960, there was a significant technical and technological renewal of the material base of collective farms and combines. By the end of the 1960s, marine animal hunting has lost its fundamental importance in traditional nature management due to the vigorous activity of third-party mining organizations, the enlargement of coastal settlements, the development of a trade and supply network, the gradual abandonment of keeping sled dogs and the manufacture of canoes. In the late Soviet period, a powerful state marine animal hunting developed in Chukotka. Large ships equipped with modern weapons were hunting. As a result of this structural shift, marine animal hunting began to play a supporting role in the traditional economy. State farms revealed significant technological disproportions: modern technical means were used for hunting, and processing was carried out mainly by artisanal and extremely labor-intensive methods. At present, marine animal hunting in Chukotka exists as an ambivalent phenomenon. On a regional scale, hunting remains economically costly and even unprofitable, so the state must constantly support it. Marine hunting has lost the character of the total capture of the entire coastal community as employment and daily activity. At the same time, the conservation of hunting is extremely important. It gives access to familiar food and other sea resources, as well as the opportunity to join the traditional nature management. Keywords: marine animal hunting, Chukotka, Eskimos, settled Chukchee, sea resources, traditional hunting, technical means of hunting and processing. DOI: 10.25791/intstg.5.2023.1418 Pp. 20-28.