History of Science and Engineering Annotation << Back Socio-Economic Development of Cotton Farming in the Transcaucasian Region at the Beginning of the 20th Century Dalgatov A.G., Ismailova A.M. The article examines the process of the formation of commercial cotton farming as one of the branches of agriculture in the Transcaucasian region at the beginning of the 20th century. It is noted that the Transcaucasian region gradually became one of the raw material bases of Russian industrial capitalism, supplying cotton to the factories in Central Russia. The article analyzes the role of the Caucasian Agricultural Society, which took measures to improve the crops and increase the yield of cotton. The article provides information about the state of the cotton industry in agriculture and the transition of cotton farming to the stage of commercial cotton farming. The article examines the role of cotton farmers in the provinces of the studied region during the research period. The article analyzes the role of the Caucasian Agricultural Society, which took measures to improve crop yields and increase cotton production. The author concludes that with the intensifi cation and improvement of technology in the early 20th century, the growth of commercial cotton production led to the emergence of industrial cotton production. In the Transcaucasian region, there were vast areas where capitalist agriculture had already developed, including the cotton-cleaning industry. Keywords: Transcaucasian region, commercial cotton farming, cotton plant, commodity-capitalist relations, railway, cotton gin, gara-goza, cocoon, cotton regions, cotton seeds. DOI: 10.25791/intstg.1.2026.1596 Pp. 62-68.