History of Science and Engineering Annotation << Back THE HISTORY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF MUSHROOM SCIENCE IN VNIIO – A BRANCH OF THE FEDERAL STATE BUDGET SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTION FEDERAL SCIENTIFIC CENTER N.L. Devochkina, R.D. Nurmetov, K.L. Alekseeva The main historical stages of the development of domestic science in the field of industrial mushroom growing are presented in detail. The trends of technological and technical improvement of the industry, state legislative decisions and support measures conducive to the intensive development of mushroom growing in the Russian Federation are considered. The organizational and technological system for the production of cultivated mushrooms is analyzed, which has become the basis of the modern cost-effective production of cultivated mushrooms on an industrial basis. Thanks to the creation of the Concept for the development of mushroom growing, in 2014 a new modern stage of the construction of large complexes for growing mushrooms and other types of cultivated mushrooms began. Until 2017, the Russian Federation occupied only 14th place in the world ranking of mushroom-producing countries with a total production of only 18 thousand tons of products. In 2019, it moved to 22nd place with a production volume of 56 thousand tons of fresh mushroom products. Scientific research, begun in the 70-80s of the XX century, continues to expand, affecting new areas of mushroom cultivation technology, breeding and production technology of planting material, biological protection of cultivated mushrooms, development of evidence-based economic models and business projects of agricultural holdings in the field of vegetable growing and greenhouse mushroom cultivation. Further training courses for industry specialists are open. In creative collaboration with various companies, firms, design organizations, significant scientifi c and technical information was obtained for the prospective development and use of various starting materials for the preparation of high-quality substrates for the cultivation of new types of mushrooms: oyster mushroom, shi-take, mushrooms. Elements of technology for cultivating exotic species of mushrooms on an industrial basis are being developed that minimize the cost of manual labor. Keywords: industrial mushroom growing, champignon, oyster mushroom, shii-take, honey mushroom, mushroom growing development concept, production system, multi-zone technology. DOI: 10.25791/intstg.10.2020.1219 Pp. 035-039.