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History of Science and Engineering

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THE COMPLEX RESPONSE OF THE YARROWIA LIPOLYTICA YEAST ON STRESS EFFECTS
A.Yu. Arinbasarova, E.N. Biryukova, A.G. Medentsev

This paper analyzes the results of a study of some aspects of the adaptation of aerobic yeast Yarrowia lipolytica to stressful conditions. Particular attention is paid to changes in the activities of antioxidant systems and ultrastructural organization of the cell. It was established that the stress reactions of Yarrowia lipolytica yeast manifest as changes in the energy and antioxidant statuses of the cell. In particular, there is an increase in the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutathione reductase, as well as the emergence of an alternative electron transfer pathway through the respiratory chain. In addition, along with the indicated antioxidant enzymes under stressful conditions, yeast synthesizes NAD + -dependent alcohol dehydrogenase and L-lactate oxidase. Under stressful conditions the new cellular ultrastructures were shown to be forme, such as membrane vesicles, tubules, multilayer plasmalemma, polyphosphate granules, as well as globular structures on the surface of the cell wall. An accumulation of silicon was detected as a stress reaction. These phenomena were observed only as stress response and were not previously detected in Y. lipolytica yeast. This once again demonstrates that under stressful conditions, microorganisms exhibit properties not previously known to them. Despite the apparent independence of changes in antioxidant or energy status, as well as ultrastructural organization, including modifi cation of the cell wall, they are all part of the general stress response and occur “simultaneously” and, most likely, in accordance with the general signal. The decrease in the intracellular level of cAMP measured suggests a common activation center for defense mechanisms in yeast and explains the identity of reactions to various stress factors. The presented results allow us not only visualizing the stress response and are in addition to the variety of adaptive reactions of microorganisms, they raise the question of their relationship and functional necessity for the cell.
Keywords: yeast Yarrowia lipolytica, stress, cAMP, antioxidant enzymes, alternative oxidase, ultrastructure, L-lactate oxidase.


DOI: 10.25791/intstg.11.2020.1240

Pp. 52-59.

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